Association of balance and levels of functional disability among children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Background: In recent years, there has been an increased number of diagnosed cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a persistent developmental condition resulting from both genetic and environmental influences. Beyond challenges in cognition, sensory processing and social interaction, children with ASD often exhibit physical impairments including reduced muscle strength, unsteadiness and balance difficulty. This study was designed to determine the association of balance and levels of functional disability among children with ASD.

Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore at Lahore Garrison Institute of Special Education and Help autism Pakistan. Children aged 5-12 years with mild to moderate autistic symptoms were included in study while children with any comorbidities and severe autistic conditions were excluded. Balance was assessed using Pediatric Balance Scale and functional disability levels were assessed using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 Children and Youth scale.

Results: Out of 377 children, 285 were males and 92 were females. Among children with low balance (n=340), 78.8% had severe disability, while 21.2% exhibited a moderate disability. In children with near to normal balance (n=37), 8.1% have no disability while 89.2% have mild disability and 2.7% have severe disability. Statistical analysis result showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: There is association between balance and levels of functional disability which indicates that autistic children with lower level of balance have higher levels of disability and those with near to normal balance have reduced levels of functional disability.