METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT TREND IN HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX PESHAWAR

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.

METHODS: A retrospective cross sectional study was conduted. A total of 200 samples were collected from Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar during the period 2015 to 2017. All the clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological techniques within hour for isolating MRSA. First of all, the specimens were cultured on Mannitol salt agar (MSA) in aerobic conditions for 24 hours at 35^oC. After that fresh colonies were obtained and further biochemical tests catalase and coagulase and Gram staining were performed for the identification of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by modified Kary-Bauer process and the results were observed , measured  and compared with the charts provided by clinical laboratory institutes (CLSI). Testing for antibiotic susceptibility was performed against ten antibiotics. For the testing of antibiotic susceptibility 0.5% McFarland turbidity standard were prepared and then streaked on Muller Hinton agar according to the standard microbiological technique.

RESULTS: Out of total 200 subjects, 120 were males and 80 were females. The percentage of MRSA in pus was highest (82%) followed by blood (11%), urine (3%), wound swabs (1.5%), high vaginal swab (1%), tissue (1%) and ear swab (0.5%). Where all the isolated strains ware screened against ten antibiotics includes Amikacin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Cotrimoxazole, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Fusidic acid, Linezolid, Quinupristin/dalfopristin by disc diffusion method. The MRSA in 2016-2017 are highly resistant to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Cotrimoxazole, Doxycycline Erythromycin, Fusidic Acid and Quinupristin/dalfopristin as compared to 2015-2016.

CONCLUSION: The high resistance of MRSA in our setup should not go without serious concern. Implementation of strict aseptic techniques and suitable antimicrobial policy may reduce the spread of MRSA in our environment.